Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Systemic Blood Pressure and Kidney Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a recognized risk factor for high blood pressure (BP) and chronic renal dysfunction in adults. However, it remains uncertain whether a similar association exists in children. Objectives: This study assessed the associations between childhood OSA and systemic BP and renal outcomes. Additionally, it examined the effects of OSA treatments on BP in children. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies up to August 2024. Results: Sixty‐four studies, consisting of 44 observational studies and 20 OSA interventional studies, were included. Compared with healthy control groups, children with OSA had significantly higher daytime systolic BP (3.30 mmHg; 95% CI, 2.07–4.53), daytime diastolic BP (1.27 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.69–1.84), nighttime systolic BP (4.08 mmHg; 95% CI, 2.71–5.46), nighttime diastolic BP (2.12 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.96–3.27), daytime mean arterial pressure (MAP) (2.11 mmHg; 95% CI, 1.32–2.89), and nighttime MAP (3.60 mmHg; 95% CI, 1.11–6.09). Obesity was the only other contributing factor to daytime systolic BP elevation. Meta‐analysis of studies on BP change after treatment (adenotonsillectomy or positive airway pressure) for OSA did not show significant changes in BP. Research on childhood OSA and renal outcomes is very limited. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the association between childhood OSA and higher risk of adverse systemic BP outcomes. OSA treatment alone, however, has not been demonstrated to improve BP outcomes yet. Children with OSA and systemic hypertension should be assessed for further need of BP treatment to reduce long‐term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".