Leveraging close-range UAV phenotyping and GWAS for enhanced understanding of slash pine growth dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput phenotyping and genomics have accelerated our comprehension of plant functional differentiation. Nevertheless, efficiently phenotyping long-lived tree breeding populations and studying their dynamic response to field conditions remains a challenge, hindering genetic dissection and selective breeding efforts. This study refined and employed a newly developed high-efficiency unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging system to assess the temporal response of a slash pine ( Pinus elliottii ) breeding population in field conditions quantitatively over 2 years, identifying six strongly interrelated dynamic growth traits. In a genome-wide association study, 34 trait-associated loci explained between 1.1 % and –14.2 % of temporal phenotypic variation. These genes and regulatory loci influence signal reception, transduction, and transcriptional regulation networks in dynamic growth, impacting metabolic pathways such as cell membrane assembly, cell wall degradation, and cell differentiation. The enhanced UAV imaging system facilitates comprehensive analysis of dynamic growth response in trees, aiding in the discovery of informative alleles to unravel the genetic basis of complex phenotypic variation in conifers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".