Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire: A Screening Measure for Hyperacusis and Misophonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Sound tolerance issues impact daily activities. Questionnaires effectively assess symptoms and severity of sound intolerance. The Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire (SSSQ) is a brief five-item tool designed to evaluate the severities of sound sensitivity and screen different forms of sound sensitivity. Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the SSSQ (P-SSSQ) among adults with a pure-tone average no greater than 20 dB HL without tinnitus symptoms. Research Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The questionnaire was translated using the International Quality of Life Assessment method. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were determined. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), receiver-operating characteristic curve, internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability were established. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed. Study Sample: A total of 100 adults (48 women) from the general population with and without sound sensitivity participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis: Internal consistency was evaluated using the Cronbach α and McDonald omega coefficients. Test‐retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) after a 2-week interval. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Result: The CVR and CVI of the questionnaire were excellent. The CFA confirmed a single-factor structure, consistent with the original English version. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach α = 0.75; McDonald omega = 0.79). Test‐retest reliability was excellent, with an ICC of 0.92. Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations with the Hyperacusis Questionnaire ( r = 0.571) scores, Misophonia Questionnaire ( r = 0.453) scores, and uncomfortable loudness levels ( r = −0.652). Discriminant validity was demonstrated by a weak correlation with PTA across ears ( r = 0.175). Conclusions: The P-SSSQ is a reliable and valid tool that can quickly assess sound sensitivity symptoms with its single-factor structure and satisfactory model fit. It can be used as a checklist to evaluate various types and severities of sound sensitivity as well as to monitor treatment progress in audiology, otolaryngology, and psychology clinics. A score greater than 4 indicates sound sensitivity with 79 percent sensitivity and 82 percent specificity. Correlations with other questionnaires suggest overlapping sensitivities; therefore, the P-SSSQ is valuable for comprehensively classifying sound sensitivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".