Cardiorespiratory exercise during rehabilitation is associated with improved functional recovery early post-stroke: A cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory exercise (CRE) early post-stroke can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, facilitate participation in rehabilitation, and promote neuroplasticity. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine if CRE during routine inpatient stroke rehabilitation is associated with improved recovery of motor and cognitive function, functional ambulation, and motor impairment. METHODS: People (n = 503) admitted to 2 rehabilitation hospitals over 14 months were included in this cohort study. Participants were classified into 3 groups: "Prescribed," where participants completed CRE that was included in their treatment plan; "Incidental," where they completed CRE that was not included in their treatment plan; and "None," where they did not complete any CRE. Analysis of covariance compared Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA) scores between groups at discharge, controlling for age, length of stay, comorbidities and scores at baseline. Multiple linear regression determined the relationship between time spent doing CRE during rehabilitation and admission to discharge change in FIM, FAC and CMSA scores, controlling for age, length of stay, comorbidities, and site. RESULTS: The Prescribed group had higher FIM total and motor sub-scores at discharge than the None (Site A; P < 0.001) or the Incidental group (Site B; P < 0.03). There were significant positive correlations between time spent doing CRE during rehabilitation and change in all outcomes (r > 0.15), except CMSA hand scores. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support that CRE during routine inpatient rehabilitation early post-stroke is associated with improved functional independence, ambulation and motor recovery. However, given that the observational design limits causal inferences, controlled studies are needed to confirm the benefits of CRE early post-stroke.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".