Organ involvement and laboratory abnormalities associated with tuberculosis disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and often has severe and devastating manifestations. This study aimed to systematically investigate the association between organ involvement and laboratory abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with tuberculosis disease (TB).Methods Relevant studies were obtained from electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSCO from inception to November 2024. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) of TB incidence associated with organ involvement and laboratory abnormalities. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A meta-analysis was performed using R.Results Fourteen studies with a total of 5,626 adult SLE patients were included, of whom 514 (9.14%) were male. Renal involvement was the only organ involvement that was significantly associated with TB (OR = 1.53; 95%CI:1.01-2.32; I2=76%). Among laboratory parameters, lymphopenia (OR = 2.21; 95%CI:1.42-3.42; I2=26%) and anemia (OR = 1.73; 95%CI:1.16-2.58; I2=21%) showed a significant association with TB. No significant associations were found for other organs or laboratory abnormalities.Conclusion Renal involvement, lymphopenia, and anemia could be notable risk factors for TB in patients with SLE, suggesting enhanced awareness of these indicators to minimize the risk of TB in patients with SLE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.016 | 0.032 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".