Radiological Improvements and Clinical Outcomes of Occipitocervical Fusion for Traumatic Cranocervical Junction Instability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the radiological outcomes of occipitocervical fusion (OCF) for traumatic craniocervical junction (CCJ) instability by analyzing changes in preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT)-measured radiological parameters. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 20 consecutive adult trauma patients who underwent OCF for CCJ instability at a single center from January 2015 to May 2023. Clinical features, surgical outcomes, and preoperative and postoperative CT-measured parameters (basion-dens interval [BDI], basion-axial interval [BAI], atlanto-dental interval [ADI], space available for the cord, clivus-canal angle) were evaluated. Patients were grouped according to whether their preoperative parameter values were within or outside the normal range, and changes were compared between the groups. RESULTS: All patients underwent OCF without neurological deterioration, except for 1 death from polytrauma. Significant postoperative improvements were observed in BDI for patients with abnormal preoperative BDI >8.5 mm (-4.27 ± 3.67 mm) compared to those with normal BDI <8.5 mm (0.11 ± 1.84 mm, P = 0.0194), and in ADI for those with abnormal preoperative ADI >2 mm (-1.88 ± 0.61 mm vs. 0.02 ± 0.16 mm, P = 0.0011). BAI improved significantly in patients with abnormal preoperative BAI < -4 mm (9.07 ± 5.74 mm, P = 0.0154) and >12 mm (-8.45 ± 4.65 mm, P = 0.0078) compared to those within normal limits. Space available for the cord (<14 mm) and clivus-canal angle (>160° or <145°) showed trends toward improvement but without statistical significance. Postoperative complications included dysphagia (10%), hardware failure (10%), and surgical site infection (5%). CONCLUSIONS: OCF effectively stabilizes traumatic CCJ instability, improves key CT-measured radiological parameters, and supports favorable neurological outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".