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Temporal trends in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among social housing residents compared to the general population in Ontario, Canada: A population-based panel study

2025· article· en· W4413324915 on OpenAlexaffabout
Homa Keshavarz, Ricardo Angeles, Melissa Pirrie, Francine Marzanek, Francis Nguyen, J. Michael Paterson

Bibliographic record

VenueAnnals of Epidemiology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicVaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoMcMaster University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PopulationSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)2019-20 coronavirus outbreakDemographyEnvironmental healthSocioeconomicsVirologyOutbreakDiseaseInfectious disease (medical specialty)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: This study examined temporal trends in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among social housing residents compared to the general population in Ontario, Canada, during the first year of vaccine availability. METHODS: We analyzed 2021 COVID-19 vaccination data from Ontario administrative databases. The social housing population was identified using postal codes of designated social housing buildings. Vaccination rates were compared quarterly across age and sex categories between social housing residents and the general population. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 14,842,488 eligible individuals identified in Ontario administrative health data, with 328,276 individuals residing in social housing. By the end of 2021, 75.45 % of adult social housing residents were fully vaccinated (2 or more COVID-19 vaccine doses) compared to 87.46 % of the general adult population. This gap persisted over time and across sexes. Over the same period, 30.61 % of the children and youth in social housing achieved full vaccination rates compared to 30.21 % of the general population, with greater vaccine uptake among females. CONCLUSION: Despite COVID-19 vaccination policies aimed at prioritizing vulnerable groups in Ontario, Canada, adult social housing residents had lower vaccination rates compared to the general population. Children and youth in social housing achieved slightly higher vaccination coverage. These findings underscore the need for more targeted efforts to improve vaccine accessibility and uptake among social housing residents.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.016
Threshold uncertainty score0.116

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.004
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.199
GPT teacher head0.434
Teacher spread0.236 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractno

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