Sensitive and visual detection for Atlantic salmon in processed foods using PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and visual PCR-based CRISPR/Cas12a detection method was established to identify Atlantic salmon ingredients in processed foods. A guide RNA (gRNA) was designed based on the mitochondrial genome of Atlantic salmon, with an efficient target site identified within the ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 (ATP6) gene. Specificity test against 9 other species commonly associated with Atlantic salmon adulteration revealed no evidence of cross-reactivity. The developed assay exhibited an absolute detection limit of 0.5 pg and a relative sensitivity of 0.1%. The results were visually interpretable under UV light without the need for complex instrumentation. The reliability of this assay was further confirmed through Sanger sequencing during the authentication of commercial products, highlighting its practical applicability. The PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a assay developed in this study provides a promising tool for specific and sensitive authentication of high-value seafood products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".