A National Survey of Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Evaluation of Cognition in Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Cognitive skills play a central role in a person's independent community functioning. As a profession, occupational therapy practitioners need to understand how cognitive evaluation is incorporated into the overall provision of occupational therapy services. OBJECTIVE: To describe occupational therapy practitioners' current practice for evaluating cognitive function in adults across treatment settings. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey conducted from September 2022 to September 2023. SETTING: Web-based survey distributed through online platforms, direct e-mail invitations, and in person through flyer distribution. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred forty-six licensed occupational therapy practitioners with at least 6 mo of experience in adult treatment settings. RESULTS: Most occupational therapy practitioners evaluate cognition using clinical judgment rather than neurocognitive screening measures, χ2(9) = 52.39, p < .001; or functional cognitive measures, χ2(9) = 77.49, p < .001. More occupational therapy practitioners evaluate cognition using neurocognitive screening measures rather than functional cognitive measures, χ2(9) = 68.63, p < .001. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (25.6%) was the most used standardized neurocognitive measure, and the Allen Cognitive Level Screen (15.2%) was the most widely used standardized functional cognitive measure. Various factors (e.g., time required for use, cost, ongoing peer or administrative support) were perceived to affect the selection and use of measures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Occupational therapy practitioners primarily use unstandardized methods to evaluate cognition. When standardized measures are used, neurocognitive measures were used more frequently than functional cognitive measures. Occupational therapy practitioners report that comprehensive evaluation of cognition includes information derived from a variety of sources. Plain-Language Summary: In this study, we describe the current practices of occupational therapy practitioners for evaluating cognitive function in adults. We found that occupational therapy practitioners most often evaluate cognition using unstandardized methods. Standardized paper-and-pencil neurocognitive measures are used more often than functional cognitive measures that observe a person's ability to perform practical real-world tasks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".