Optical and temperature dependent electrical properties of Er-/Yb-doped ZnO schottky diodes and thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study reports the fabrication of undoped and Er-/Yb-doped ZnO thin films using the sol-gel spin coating technique. The structural and optical properties of the films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Electrical characteristics were studied through current-voltage (I-V) measurements using an HP 4140B pA meter/voltage source, capable of detecting currents as low as 10 −14 A . The XRD analysis confirmed that all films exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure, while the PL measurements at room temperature revealed a strong ultraviolet emission with a peak wavelength at 380 nm . The I-V measurements demonstrated good rectification behavior across all temperature ranges. Schottky diodes based on Er and Yb-doped ZnO thin films showed improved rectification, a lower ideality factor, and a higher barrier height. With increasing temperature, the ideality factor decreased while the barrier height increased, indicating enhanced diode performance. It is found that the lowest ideality factor is 1.6 in Er-doped ZnO at 300 K and the highest barrier height is 0.81 eV in Yb-doped samples. It is worth noting that while the ideality factor decreased and Schottky barrier height increased with temperature indicating more ideal thermionic transport, while the rectification ratio (1.4 × 10 4 ) was highest in Yb-doped samples at 50 K due to reduced reverse leakage current.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".