Earthworm-controlled CO2, N2O and N2 emissions from a silt loam soil amended with senescent litter of two energy crops (Silphium perfoliatum and Zea mays)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aims Cup plant ( Silphium perfoliatum ) contributes to sustainable bioenergy production. However, little is known about the role of intensive litter fall and increased soil biodiversity on respiration and denitrification in its cultivation. This study aimed to assess CO 2 , N 2 O and N 2 emissions of annual and perennial energy cropping systems affected by earthworms when supplied with senescent cup plant or maize litter. Methods In a 32-day laboratory incubation, the 15 N gas flux method was applied in an N 2 -reduced atmosphere to a repacked silt loam soil, inoculated with Lumbricus terrestris L., and amended with senescent maize and cup plant litter. During incubation, CO 2 , N 2 O and N 2 emissions were measured. After incubation, NO 3 − , NH 4 + , total C, and total N was analysed in soil and casts. Litter removal from the soil surface and net nitrification rates were calculated. Results Earthworms caused a fivefold increase in maize litter removal and a threefold increase regarding cup plant litter. Highest N 2 O + N 2 fluxes were observed in treatments with earthworms and cup plant litter, although the high CN ratio of senescent cup plant litter implied higher N immobilisation than the CN ratio of senescent maize litter. Earthworms increased CO 2 , N 2 O, and especially N 2 emissions lowering the product ratio of denitrification ( N 2 Oi ). Conclusions Earthworm-controlled litter incorporation increased labile C from decomposition of recalcitrant litter as substrate for denitrification. Mineralisation patterns of senescent litter cannot be explained by CN ratio alone. The combination of both mechanisms affected denitrification, lead to elevated N 2 O and N 2 emissions and N loss from the soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".