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Record W4413340558 · doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.25333648

Examining outdoor play associations in Canadian early learning and child care centres: Cross-sectional insights from the Measuring Early Childhood Outside survey

2025· preprint· en· W4413340558 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Rachel Ramsden, Barry Forer, Hebah Hussaina, Christina S. Han, Caroline Bouchard, Jeff R. Crane, Michal Perlman, Mariana Brussoni

Bibliographic record

VenuemedRxiv · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicOutdoor and Experiential Education
Canadian institutionsHealth PEIUniversity of Prince Edward IslandUniversité LavalUniversity of TorontoBC Children's HospitalLearning PartnershipMemorial University of NewfoundlandUniversity of British Columbia
FundersLawson FoundationBC Children's Hospital
KeywordsCross-sectional studyEarly childhoodChild carePsychologyEnvironmental healthGeographyMedicineDevelopmental psychologyFamily medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Canada lacks national data on the current provision of outdoor play (OP) in Early Learning and Child Care (ELCC) programs. In this study, we report results of the Measuring Early Childhood Outside (MECO) national survey to fill this gap and examine the factors that are associated with children’s OP and risky play in ELCC programs. Respondents included ELCC centres providing full-day licensed group care (birth to school entry) in Canada. Primary outcomes measured were OP frequency, OP duration and risky play occurrence. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to examine relationships and interaction effects between the primary outcomes and 14 variables encompassing centre, staff, physical environment and OP provision characteristics, for infant/toddler-aged and preschool-aged programs separately. A total of 1,187 ELCC centres responded to the MECO survey (9.8% response rate), of which 67.2% were non-profit providers. Most centres went outdoors every day, regardless of the season, though they spent less time outdoors in the winter than in the summer. Risky play was limited, with play at heights being the most common, and use of fire the least common. Variables that emerged as positively associated with most outcomes across programs related to training of centre directors and educators, giving children the autonomy to make decisions about going outdoors, providing all-weather gear, including diverse affordances (loose parts, gardening elements, fixed equipment), having outdoor spaces larger than required by licensing requirements, and the use of off-site spaces. Information about the current state of OP in ELCC centres is important at a time of considerable expansion in the sector, helping inform evidence-based policy development to enhance OP opportunities across Canada.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.018
Threshold uncertainty score0.131

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.007
Science and technology studies0.0030.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.314
Teacher spread0.276 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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