Impact of short duration smoking cessation on post-operative complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Use of tobacco poses significant health risks, particularly in surgical patients, where smoking is a well-established risk factor for postoperative complications. Patients are often seen in the pre-assessment clinic 2-4 weeks prior to surgery, presenting a window of opportunity to intervene. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the impact of short-term smoking cessation on postoperative outcomes, focusing on the critical 2-4-week period preceding surgery. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. PATIENTS: Adults undergoing surgical procedures with a defined smoking cessation pre-operative smoking cessation interval. MEASUREMENT: Post-operative complications including pulmonary complications, surgical site infection, wound complication, bleeding, mortality, and composite complications. RESULTS: Fifty-five studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulmonary complications were more prevalent in former smokers compared to non-smokers, even after cessation. Progressively longer smoking cessation periods showed improved outcomes. Compared to active smokers, preoperative cessation reduced pulmonary complications by 27 % at ≥2 weeks (RR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.60-0.89), 29 % at ≥4 weeks (RR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.61-0.82), and 37 % at ≥8 weeks (RR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.41-0.95). With ≥4 weeks of cessation, there was a 33 % lower risk of wound complications (RR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.47-0.94), 31 % lower risk of composite complications (RR 0.69, 95 %CI 0.63-0.76), and 14 % lower risk of mortality (RR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.77-0.97). Short term cessation did not seem to have a significant impact on surgical site infections or bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Short term cessation of at least 2-4 weeks demonstrates benefits in reducing post-operative complications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it