Minimally invasive and open posterior calcaneal displacement osteotomy for pediatric hindfoot deformity: A comparative study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive posterior displacement calcaneal osteotomy (PDCO) is often used in hindfoot deformity correction in the adult population, but there is a paucity on its use in children. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of open versus minimally invasive PDCO (MI-PDCO) approach in children. METHODS: This is a consecutive series of PCDOs performed as a component of a complex foot and ankle reconstruction. RESULTS: Twenty-nine calcaneal osteotomies in 23 patients aged 13.0 ± 3.0 years were included. Eleven osteotomies were performed open (O-PDCO) and 18 MI-PDCO. Mean follow-up was 35.4 ± 19.1 months. No delayed union, non-union, or apophyseal growth disturbance was observed. Seven nerve paresthesias were observed, two in the O-PDCO (18.1 %) and five in the MI-PDCO (27.7 %) group, all improved. CONCLUSION: These results support MI-PDCO as a safe and effective alternative technique to conventional O-PDCO to correct pediatric hindfoot deformities. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Level 3 (retrospective comparative study).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".