Standardized ileal digestible lysine (protein) intake by primiparous sows should be increased in late gestation to maximize whole-body nitrogen retention, piglet birth weight, and subsequent milk yield
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One hundred fifty-two gestating primiparous sows were used to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (protein) intake in late gestation necessary to maximize whole-body N retention, piglet birth weight, and subsequent milk yield. On day 90 of gestation, primiparous sows were assigned to 1 of the 7 isoenergetic diets with equally spaced and increasing SID Lys (protein) contents using primarily soybean meal to supply additional Lys [70% to 160% of NRC-NRC-(2012) estimated requirements; 13.3 to 30.5 g SID Lys per day; n = ~ 21]. An N-balance was completed between days 105 and 108 of gestation. After farrowing, all sows received a standard lactation diet until weaning (day 20 ± 1). Using the Bayesian information criteria to assess best fit, the linear broken-line model was selected to determine optimal SID Lys (protein) intakes. Sow BW gain in late gestation increased, and BW loss in the subsequent lactation tended to increase with increasing SID Lys (protein) intake in late gestation (linear; P < 0.001 and P = 0.086, respectively). The gain in backfat depth during late gestation tended to decrease with increasing SID Lys (protein) intake (linear; P = 0.067), but backfat depth loss during the subsequent lactation was not influenced by SID Lys (protein) intake in late gestation. The N intake, excretion, and whole-body retention (N intake-N output in urine and feces) increased with increasing SID Lys (protein) intake (linear; P < 0.0001). Whole-body N retention was maximized at an SID Lys intake of 22.0 g/d during late gestation (115% of NRC-estimated requirements). Litter size and the number of stillborns per litter were not affected by dietary treatment, but piglet birthweight increased and then decreased with increasing SID Lys (protein) intake (quadratic; P < 0.01) and was maximized at an SID Lys intake of 22.0 g/d during late gestation. Estimated milk yield in the subsequent lactation increased (linear; P < 0.05) and litter growth rate tended to increase (linear; P = 0.057) with SID Lys (protein) intake in late gestation. Estimated milk yield was maximized at an SID Lys intake of 22.7 g/d during late gestation (119% of NRC-estimated requirements). Therefore, SID Lys intake in late gestating primiparous sows should be increased by 15% above current recommendations to maximize whole-body N retention in late gestation and piglet birth weight, and by 19% to maximize milk yield in the subsequent lactation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".