High‑Resolution T2 MRI Volumetry of Medial Temporal Lobe Subregions Predicts Cognitive Decline Across the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atrophy of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions is an early biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to examine the relationship between MTL subregion volumes and cognitive performance in patients across the AD continuum. We analyzed data from 276 participants using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including 74 cognitively normal (CN), 110 subjective memory complaints (SMC), 37 early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 35 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 20 AD participants. MTL subregions volumes were measusing high-resolution T2-weighted MRI, and analyses were adjusted for age, education, APOE ε4 status, and intracranial volume (ICV). Significant atrophy in regions such as the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), subiculum (SUB), entorhinal cortex (ERC), and Brodmann area 35 (BA35) was found in AD participants compared with other groups. In AD, poorer Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS-13) performance was associated with reduced CA, DG, BA35, and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) volumes. In LMCI, lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were associated with atrophy in CA and SUB. Diminished Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were linked to reduced ERC volumes in CN, as well as with atrophy in BA35, ERC and CA subfields among AD patients. In LMCI, poorer Trail Making Test, Part B performance (i.e., longer completion time) was related to smaller Brodmann area 36 (BA36), collateral sulcus (CS), and PHC subregion volumes, whereas in the AD, it was related to BA36 only. Poorer immediate memory recall in AD was associated with atrophy in CA, DG, while in early stages of MCI, poorer verbal learning scores correlated with atrophy in the CA, DG, BA35, SUB, and CS regions. Moreover, diminished Logical Memory Delayed Recall was associated with atrophy in the CA, BA35, and PHC subfields among AD subjects. These findings support the value of atrophy in MTL subregions as potential imaging markers for detecting and monitoring cognitive decline across the AD continuum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".