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Record W4413375337 · doi:10.1037/xge0001821

Wisdom reconsidered: A dynamic network account of metacognition and complex thought.

2025· article· en· W4413375337 on OpenAlexafffund
Jackson A. Smith, Anna Dorfman, Neil Wegenschimmel, Igor Grossmann

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Experimental Psychology General · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicCognitive Science and Education Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaTempleton World Charity FoundationCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchJohn Templeton Foundation
KeywordsPsychologyMetacognitionCognitive psychologyCognitionCognitive scienceNeuroscience

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

= 499), using event-reconstruction sampling to gather autobiographical reflections on adverse experiences. Participants evaluated their use of four core metacognitive features of wisdom: intellectual humility, recognition of uncertainty and change, perspective taking, and search for a compromise. Our findings challenge prevailing static models and supported a dynamic, context-sensitive account. A network model outperformed latent factor models, suggesting that wisdom comprises interrelated but distinct features rather than a unitary construct. The perceived relevance and use of these features varied across situations and showed lower temporal stability than personality traits or well-being, undermining assumptions of cross-situational consistency. Within-person and between-person patterns also diverged, violating isomorphism. Notably, individuals who reported higher-than-usual self-distancing and distress at one time point also reported elevated levels of wisdom-related features 3 months later, a pattern not observed for other proposed moderators such as social support or subjective appraisals. Together, these findings offer a revised understanding of wisdom and complex thought-as dynamic, context-sensitive processes, rather than fixed traits. Our findings carry implications for the ontological status of wisdom-related constructs and underscore the importance of longitudinal research and more precise temporal claims in psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.096
Threshold uncertainty score0.393

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.113
GPT teacher head0.471
Teacher spread0.358 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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