Fecal Incontinence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Associated Factors and Impact on the Quality of Life of Patients in an IBD Clinic in Switzerland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of fecal incontinence (FI) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its associated factors is not well-studied. This research estimated the prevalence of FI in Swiss IBD patients, identified risk factors, and assessed its relationship with well-being, anxiety, and depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult IBD patients at a Swiss clinic in Bern and Fribourg. The study excluded individuals with a stoma, J-pouch, or unspecified IBD. The survey included 53 questions on demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Among 392 respondents, 116 patients (29.5%) reported FI in the previous four weeks. FI was associated with age > 50 years (OR 2.74), vaginal delivery (OR 2.49), disease duration > 15 years (OR 2.04), abdominal pain (OR 2.56), diarrhea (OR 3.70), blood in stool (OR 3.33), >3 bowel movements/day (OR 4.50), nighttime bowel movements (OR 3.98), simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) ≥ 3 (OR 6.06), extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) (OR 1.64), and a history of anal fistula (OR 2.80). FI was significantly associated with poor well-being (OR 2.64), depression (OR 2.43), and anxiety (OR 1.88). CONCLUSION: FI affects nearly one in three IBD patients and is independently associated with several disease-related factors including a history of anal fistula and the presence of EIM, which is newly described in the literature. FI negatively impacted quality of life, increasing anxiety and depression. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive, patient-centered approach to identify and address risk factors promptly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".