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Record W4413380836 · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.70103

Measuring critical thermal maximum in aquatic ectotherms: A practical guide

2025· article· en· W4413380836 on OpenAlexafffund
Graham D. Raby, Rachael Morgan, Anna H. Andreassen, Erin Stewart, Jérémy De Bonville, Elizabeth C. Hoots, Luis Kuchenmüller, Moa Metz, Lauren E. Rowsey, León Green, Robert A. Griffin, Sidney Martin, Heather Bauer Reid, Rasmus Ern, Eirik R. Åsheim, Zara‐Louise Cowan, Robine H. J. Leeuwis, Tamzin A. Blewett, Ben Speers‐Roesch, Thomas D. Clark, Sandra A. Binning, Josefin Sundin, Fredrik Jutfelt

Bibliographic record

VenueMethods in Ecology and Evolution · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicPhysiological and biochemical adaptations
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of New BrunswickUniversité de MontréalTrent University
FundersEuropean Research CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaDeakin UniversityH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsAustralian Government
KeywordsEctothermEnvironmental scienceCritical thermal maximumEcologyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Critical thermal limits, commonly quantified as CT max (maximum) or CT min (minimum), are core metrics in the thermal biology of aquatic ectotherms. CT max , in particular, has recently surged in popularity due to its various applications, including understanding and predicting the responses of animals to climate warming. Despite its growing popularity, there is a limited literature aimed at establishing best practices for designing, running and reporting CT max experiments. This lack of standardisation and insufficiently detailed reporting in the literature creates challenges when designing CT max studies or comparing results across studies. Here, we provide a comprehensive, practical guide for designing and conducting experiments to measure critical thermal limits, with an emphasis on CT max . Our recommendations cover 12 topic areas including apparatus design, masking (blinding), warming rates, end points, replication and reporting. We include diagrams and photos for designing and building critical thermal limit arenas for field or lab applications. We also provide a reporting checklist as a reference for researchers when carrying out experiments and preparing manuscripts. Future studies incorporating critical thermal limits would benefit from transparent reporting of warming/cooling rates (raw data, supplementary graphs) and photo/video evidence showing arena designs and critical thermal limit end points. We also provide directions for empirical research that will help further inform the measurement of critical thermal limits, including biotic factors like stress and digestion, warming/cooling rates, the effects of body mass on heat transfer and the physiological mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.513
Threshold uncertainty score0.239

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.050
GPT teacher head0.376
Teacher spread0.327 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations17
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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