High partner specificity in an algal-salamander mutualism at continental scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mutualism between the green alga Oophila amblystomatis (“ Oophila ”) and egg masses of the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum involves acquisition of algal cells from water, followed by their population growth within individual egg capsules of the egg mass. The host range spans over 20 degrees latitude and longitude. High site fidelity and fine scale genetic structure of host populations has been resolved, but genetic diversity of green algal symbionts across this range has not been investigated. We sampled egg capsule fluid harvested from five locales in North America, each separated by ~2° latitude and used both PacBio and Illumina sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene to investigate (i) whether algal symbionts are restricted to the Oophila clade and (ii) examine geographic variation in Oophila diversity. We also re-analyzed 18S (V4) reads from previous work using contemporary denoising protocols, which, along with current data, produced 16.37 million reads. We detected no chlorophytes outside Oophila clade B and detected cercozoan protists and rhizophydialean fungi in some capsules. There was a mean of 10.14 ± 3.40 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) per sample corresponding to O. amblystomatis , ranging in prevalence from single ponds within a locale to all samples. We observed among-locale variation in unique ASVs, but not in a latitudinal pattern. However, we detected two highly prevalent ASVs (ASVs A and B), which varied in abundance, relative to each other, as a function of latitude. Pairwise alignments of ASVs from the V4 region revealed that, on average, more divergent ASVs were rarer. Haplotype network analysis revealed ASV A as the ancestral variant and amplicon sequence analysis from newly isolated cultures of O. amblystomatis demonstrate that ASVs A and B are intragenomic variants that can segregate. We conclude that, at the scale of the host range, partner specificity in this algal-salamander mutualism is very high and reveal an intriguing effect of latitude on the relative abundance of intragenomic 18S rRNA gene variants.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".