Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of Shale Properties Under CO2 Fluid-Rock Interaction: Implication for CO2 Geological Storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract CO2 flooding technology effectively enhances shale oil production while enabling CO2 sequestration. Changes in pore structure and wettability during the flooding process can significantly influence CO2 storage safety. This study investigates the effects of supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) treatment on the pore structure and wettability of shale oil reservoirs. Advanced techniques, including AMICS Automated Mineralogy System (AMICS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to evaluate alterations in mineral composition, pore structure, chemical functional groups, and water/shale contact angles using a contact angle goniometer. Results show that SCCO2 treatment reduces dolomite content, increasing average pore size and pore connectivity. Furthermore, increased hydrophilic functional groups decrease water contact angles, thereby enhancing hydrophilicity and improving sequestration efficiency. These findings offer insights for shale oil recovery and CO2 storage safety evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".