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Record W4413400549 · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099609

Protocol for development of a checklist and guideline for transparent reporting of cluster analyses (TRoCA)

2025· article· en· W4413400549 on OpenAlexaff
Daniil Lisik, Syed Ahmar Shah, Rani Basna, Duy-Tai Dinh, Ryan P. Browne, Jeffrey L. Andrews, Meredith L. Wallace, Absalom E. Ezugwu, Ana Marušić, Dat Tran, Joaquín Torres-Sospedra, Hieu‐Chi Dam, Philippe Fournier‐Viger, Christian Hennig, Marieke E. Timmerman, Matthijs J. Warrens, Eva Ceulemans, Bright I. Nwaru, Tina Hernandez‐Boussard

Bibliographic record

VenueBMJ Open · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
TopicMeta-analysis and systematic reviews
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of Waterloo
FundersVetenskapsrådetHjärt-Lungfonden
KeywordsChecklistProtocol (science)MedicineTransparency (behavior)GuidelineDelphi methodDelphiCritical appraisalQuality (philosophy)Research ethicsMedical educationProcess managementKnowledge managementComputer sciencePsychologyAlternative medicineBusinessPathologyComputer security

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Introduction Cluster analysis, a machine learning-based and data-driven technique for identifying groups in data, has demonstrated its potential in a wide range of contexts. However, critical appraisal and reproducibility are often limited by insufficient reporting, ultimately hampering the interpretation and trust of key stakeholders. The present paper describes the protocol that will guide the development of a reporting guideline and checklist for studies incorporating cluster analyses—Transparent Reporting of Cluster Analyses. Methods and analysis Following the recommended steps for developing reporting guidelines outlined by the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research Network, the work will be divided into six stages. Stage 1: literature review to guide development of initial checklist. Stage 2: drafting of the initial checklist. Stage 3: internal revision of checklist. Stage 4: Delphi study in a global sample of researchers from varying fields ( n =≈) to derive consensus regarding items in the checklist and piloting of the checklist. Stage 5: consensus meeting to consolidate checklist. Stage 6: production of statement paper and explanation and elaboration paper. Stage 7: dissemination via journals, conferences, social media and a dedicated web platform. Ethics and dissemination Due to local regulations, the planned study is exempt from the requirement of ethical review. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. The checklist with explanations will also be made available freely on a dedicated web platform ( troca-statement.org ) and in a repository.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.288
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.563
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesMetaresearch
DomainCandidate signal: Reporting · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Protocol · Consensus signal: Protocol
Teacher disagreement score0.712
Threshold uncertainty score0.878

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.2880.563
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0040.006
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0060.008
Bibliometrics0.0160.012
Science and technology studies0.0060.006
Scholarly communication0.0110.009
Open science0.0080.009
Research integrity0.0080.016
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.1220.038

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.944
GPT teacher head0.731
Teacher spread0.213 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
DomainReporting
GenreProtocol

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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