Inflammatory Markers During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Neonates With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether the proinflammatory markers procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), or interleukin 6 (IL-6) are associated with mortality in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia neonates receiving venovenous ECMO between December 2012 and June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and grouped by survival status. Longitudinal CRP, PCT, and IL-6 levels during the first 10 days on ECMO were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. A PCT cut-off was determined to define a "high inflammatory response group," further evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Independent mortality risk factors were identified using Cox regression. Among nonsurvivors, PCT values were significantly higher on day 2 (p = 0.028), day 3 (p = 0.028), day 6 (p = 0.031), and day 10 (p = 0.017) after ECMO initiation. Infants in the high inflammatory response group had significantly shorter survival time (p = 0.006). C-Reactive protein and IL-6 were not significantly associated with mortality. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, high PCT on day 2 of ECMO (hazard ratio: 1.022; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004-1.040) and severe pulmonary hypertension (hazard ratio: 3.270; 95% CI: 1.245-8.588) were independently associated with mortality. High PCT in CDH neonates receiving ECMO is significantly associated with increased mortality and reduced survival time.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it