Influence of spoken language and gender identity on healthcare experiences of transgender and non-binary youth living in Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whether spoken language influences experiences of trans and non-binary youth (TNBY) with healthcare systems is unknown. We analyzed Quebec data from the Canadian Trans and Non-Binary Youth Health Survey to illustrate healthcare experiences of predominantly French-speaking TNBY aged 14-25 and influence of gender identity and language on those experiences. We included 220 participants of whom 71% identified as French-speaking. Up to 78% reported a mental health problem and 51% reported foregoing mental health care in the last year. Only 26% of non-binary versus 57% of trans youth were comfortable discussing healthcare needs with providers (OR 0.26; 95% CI [0.13-0.54]). English youth were less likely than French youth to be comfortable discussing healthcare needs (aOR 0.33, 95% CI [0.13-0.83]. They were also more likely to forgo care because of negative experiences (aOR 2.21, 95% CI [1.00, 4.87]) and out of fear (aOR 2.38, 96% CI [1.08, 5.28]). Our study found that TNBY had a high prevalence of foregone health care despite a great need. In Quebec, a predominantly French-speaking area within Canada, language-minority English TNBY were less comfortable than French TNBY discussing healthcare needs and accessing needed resources. Limited availability of language-specific resources may be an additional barrier to healthcare access for TNBY.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".