Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Gastrodiae Rhizoma Peel and Core and Their Lifespan-Extending Potential in Caenorhabditis elegans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gastrodiae Rhizoma (tianma, TM), a traditional medicine that has food and medicine homology, faces controversy over retaining its epidermis (tianma pi, TP) during processing due to unclear phytochemical value. This study presents the first integrated approach combining GC–IMS, UHPLC–MS, and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) aging models to compare TP with the tuber core (tianma xin, TX). The results include the following: (1) A total of forty-seven volatile compounds were identified by GC–IMS, including 12 key aroma substances via relative odor activity value (ROAV ≥ 1), of which seven ((Z)-4-heptenal, β-citronellol, hexanal, 1-pentanol, 1-octen-3-one, 2-methylpropanol, and 2-butanone) were enriched in TP. (2) Non-targeted metabolomics revealed 1025 metabolites via UHPLC–MS, highlighting phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as the primary differential pathway (p < 0.05). Phenylpropanoids and polyketides exhibited predominant enrichment in TP (|log2FC| > 2, VIP > 1, p < 0.01). (3) In C. elegans models, TP outperformed TX in pharyngeal pumping (4.16%, p < 0.05), while both extended stress-resistant lifespan (p < 0.01). In conclusion, TP plays an essential role in establishing the characteristic odor profile of TM and retaining bioactive components, particularly phenylpropanoids. Preserving TP during processing optimally maintains the distinctive aroma profile and pharmacological value of TM, which provides valuable guidance for industrial utilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".