First Nations People Living With HIV: Results From a Qualitative Study Through a Two-Eyed Seeing Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
First Nations people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Canada face a range of complex barriers during a time when infection rates are increasing. The Northern HIV Journey Mapping Project explored this issue from the perspectives of both First Nations people living with HIV and the health care service providers who support them. Drawing from an Indigenous-led, decolonizing methodology, this study adopted the philosophies of Two-Eyed Seeing and Ethical Research Space. A total of 18 First Nations people living with HIV and 11 health care providers from throughout the province of Manitoba participated in semi-structured interviews that explored the barriers and facilitators present at each of the six milestones of the HIV care cascade. Three interrelated themes emerged across all milestones and from both participant groups: (1) Intersectional stigmas operate throughout the entire HIV journey, both within the health care systems and in the lives of community members; (2) Privacy and confidentiality related to HIV status and other health care information is difficult to maintain in rural, remote, and northern care contexts; and (3) Knowledge gaps related to HIV and sexual health are common. Results were interpreted by both First Nations and non-First Nations team members, including the project Elder, showing that each theme reflects legacies of colonization. Recommendations include developing an Indigenous-led strategy that included peer-based education and support programs that address each theme simultaneously to improve the well-being of First Nations people living with HIV in Manitoba.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.020 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".