Site-Level Variation in Tracheal Intubation in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe site-level variation in the performance and outcomes of tracheal intubation (TI) in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) using the National Emergency Airway Registry for Pediatric Emergency Medicine (NEAR4PEM). METHODS: A multicenter observational study of TI was performed between April 2018 and September 2023. TI data were obtained from the 16 PEDs contributing to the NEAR4PEM registry. Standard NEAR4PEM operational definitions were used. Site-level variation in TI performance and outcomes were reported using summary statistics and interquartile range (IQR), including first-attempt success (FAS) and adverse airway outcomes (AAOs). AAOs were defined as adverse tracheal intubation-associated events or oxygen desaturation (SpO2 <80%). RESULTS: A total of 1,729 TIs were performed. Median annual site visits were 52,500 (IQR: 39,750, 64,750). Median site admission rate was 14% (IQR: 11.7, 17). The proportion of infants was median 28.5% (IQR: 23, 32) and patients with a difficult airway feature was median 25% (IQR: 14, 37). A trainee performed a median 75% (IQR 71, 93) of first attempts. There was substantial variation among sites in TI practice (median, IQR): use of apneic oxygenation 38% (26, 53), use of a video laryngoscope 87% (67, 93), preinduction vagolytic use in infants 33% (5, 46), and TIs without paralysis 13% (10, 23). FAS per site was a median of 72% (IQR: 68, 76). The proportion of TIs with an AAO by site was median 24% (IQR: 16, 30). CONCLUSION: Considerable variation exists in performance and outcomes of TI across the PEDs participating in NEAR4PEM. These findings will be used to inform future research and quality improvement efforts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".