Unsupervised Learning-Based Joint Beamforming and Phase-Shift Optimization for RIS-Assisted DeepMIMO With Large-Scale Arrays
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper considers a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided network, where discrete phase-shift RIS is investigated in large-scale arrays with hundreds of antennas at the source and thousands of passive elements at the RIS. We propose unsupervised learning (UnSL) approaches that eliminate the need for labeled data to address the joint beamforming and phase-shift (JBPS) optimization problem with high degrees of freedom (DoF), i.e., thousands of optimization variables, for efficient transmission design in RIS-DeepMIMO networks. Performance is analyzed by comparing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with that of end-to-end SNR-based exhaustive search (ESES) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms under maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming. We show that MRT-PSO, MRT-UnSL, and JBPS-UnSL with multitask neural network suffer performance degradation due to the high-dimensional input. On the other hand, numerical results reveal that the GPU-MRT-CCES method outperforms the other solutions and exhibits high scalability, owing to its novel combination of a predefined MRT solution, theoretical cascaded channel-based RIS configuration, and GPU-parallelized computation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it