Exploring Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Activities, and Chemical Contents of Extracts from Thai Traditional Medicine (Pra-Sa-Ka-Phrao Remedies) and Its Plant Ingredients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Pra-Sa-Ka-Phrao complete (PSKPC) remedy is a Thai traditional medicine published in the Thailand National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). In this research, we have developed a modified version of the remedy, named as Pra-Sa-Ka-Phrao incomplete (PSKPIC), following the FDA Thailand’s guidelines for using it as a food supplement. Notably, there is a lack of studies concerning biological activities and chemical constituents of both remedies.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and compare the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities, and chemical contents derived from both remedies and its plant ingredient extracts.Methods: Extraction was performed by maceration in 95% ethanol and decoction. The antioxidant activity was investigated using a DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TBARS assays, while the anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities) were also evaluated, along with the determination of total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents.Results: The ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale (ZOE) and water extract of Ocimum sanctum (OSW) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC contents. The antioxidant results revealed that the PSKPIC water extract (PSKPICW) showed greater potency than PSKPC water extract in all assays. Additionally, the PSKPICW demonstrated higher TPC and TFC levels compared to the PSKPC remedy. Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGE) presented the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, all remedy extracts did not significantly affect anti-diabetic activity. Conclusions: These results show the efficacy of the PSKPICW remedy, used as food ingredients or food supplements extract, and selected active extracts, such as ZOE and OSW, which supports their use in antioxidant products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".