Gram-negative pathogens from Canadian hospitals: 17 years of results from the CANWARD study (2007–23)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: CANWARD is a Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA)/Health Canada partnered national surveillance study established in 2007 to annually assess the in vitro activities of commonly tested and recently approved antimicrobial agents for bacterial pathogens isolated from patients receiving care in Canadian hospitals. METHODS: In total, 34 155 Gram-negative pathogens were tested using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. RESULTS: In total, 39.4%, 37.1%, 17.7% and 5.8% of isolates tested were from respiratory, blood, urine and wound specimens, respectively; 31.1%, 23.9%, 19.0%, 18.5% and 7.5% of isolates were from patients in medical wards, emergency rooms, ICUs, hospital clinics and surgical wards. In total, 51.8% of isolates were from male patients; and 10.1%, 40.7% and 49.2% of isolates were from patients aged ≤17, 18-64 and ≥65 years. The most common Gram-negative pathogens received were: Escherichia coli (34.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.6%). An ESBL-producing phenotype was identified in 8.4% of E. coli and 5.6% of K. pneumoniae isolates. Percent susceptible values for E. coli included: 100% for meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam; >99% for ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem and ceftolozane/tazobactam; 95.6% for piperacillin/tazobactam; and 73.9% for ciprofloxacin. Percent susceptible values for K. pneumoniae included: >99% for meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem; 97.4% for ceftolozane/tazobactam; 91.9% for piperacillin/tazobactam; and 87.0% for ciprofloxacin. Percent susceptible values for P. aeruginosa included: 96.6% for ceftolozane/tazobactam; 92.6% for ceftazidime/avibactam; 92.0% for imipenem/relebactam; 79.9% for piperacillin/tazobactam; ceftazidime 78.1%; 78.0% for meropenem; and 68.6% for ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: The CANWARD surveillance study has provided 17 years of reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".