Effectiveness of the four-component protein-based meningococcal vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections: Mounting evidence and public health implications for Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: In Canada, the burden of gonorrhea has been increasing steadily over the last decade with emerging multi-drug-resistant strains.There is a high genomic similarity between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Methods: Review of published studies and on-going trials with the four-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB-Bexsero®).Results: Observational studies have shown protection against gonorrhea infection ranging from 35% to 59% for up to three years after the administration of 4CMenB.Several randomized clinical trials are also under way.Results from the DOXYVAC trial have been published but the sample size was too small to exclude a protective effect in the 30%-50% range.Recommendations on the use of 4CMenB for individuals at high risk of gonorrhea infection have been issued in the United Kingdom and New York state based on results of observational studies.Conclusion: If results of observational studies are confirmed by randomized trials with an acceptable cost-effectiveness profile in the Canadian context, a targeted immunization program using 4CMenB could be implemented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".