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Feeling safe enough: Psychological safety in the mountain guiding and avalanche profession

2025· article· en· W4413802417 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Rachel Reimer, Christine Eriksen

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Rural Studies · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicLeadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversity of WollongongSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
KeywordsFeelingPsychologySocial psychologyApplied psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This article examines perceptions of psychological safety among 2SLGBTQ+, women, BIPOC, or trauma-affected members of the avalanche and mountain guiding profession. It draws on in-depth interviews conducted in Canada, USA, Switzerland and France within a profession that is overwhelmingly White, cis-gender, hetero, and male. Psychological safety was defined by research participants as feeling safe enough to show one’s full self and to speak up when feeling unsafe due to either mountain or human-caused hazards based on the principles of trust, interconnection, and reciprocity within a group. Factors that supported psychological safety were (in order of strength in the data) vulnerability, teamwork, physical safety, and gender diversity. Psychological risk in relation to human-caused hazards was found to significantly affect physical safety from mountain hazards for both members of the profession and their clients. Human-caused hazards in the profession include exclusion, harassment, and discrimination based on identity factors, such as stigma related to trauma or mental health challenges, racism, ableism, sexism, misogyny. The study revealed that while significant work remains to be done to ensure psychological safety within the avalanche and guiding profession, there is also much to celebrate. Human-caused hazards are entirely dependent on human choice, and are determined by human agency. Members of non-dominant groups demonstrated their abilities to carve out psychologically safe-enough spaces to be able to thrive with authenticity within a competitive, hierarchical and hyper-masculine professional culture.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.249
Threshold uncertainty score0.372

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.119
GPT teacher head0.430
Teacher spread0.310 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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