Factor Associated with Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highlight: Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is commonly found in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and unnoticed by both patients and clinicians. Underweight has been associated to orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease, among other factors. ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) affect approximately 30% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This condition not only reduces quality of life but is also associated with increased mortality. OH has been shown to double the risk of falls in the elderly, worsens motor function, and accelerate cognitive decline. There has been limited study into the prevalence and contributing factors of OH in Parkinson’s disease patients in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to determine factors associated with OH in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The variables analyzed included age, sex, duration of PD, disease stage based on the Hoehn and Yahr scale, levodopa equivalent dose (LED), the length of antiparkinsonian agents use, MoCA Ina (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version) score, comorbid conditions, use of antihypertensive agents, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of all Parkinson’s disease patients who visited the neurology polyclinics at two hospitals in Palembang. Patients were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. To discover associations, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: The study involved 41 patients with PD at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital and Pusri Medika Hospital in Palembang, from June to December 2024. OH, was found in 43.9% of PD patients, most of whom reported symptoms. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed no significant associations between OH and factors such as comorbidities, the length of antiparkinsonian medication use, total LED, age, sex, duration of PD, disease stage (Hoehn and Yahr scale), and of the use of antihypertensive agents. However, underweight BMI was significantly associated with OH in PD patients (p = 0.002, OR = 34.571, 95% CI: 3.77–317.28). Conclusion:Underweight was identified as a significant associated factor for OH in PD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".