Ultra-Low Work-Function Ytterbium Oxide Contact For Dopant-Free Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dopant-free solar cells provide asymmetrical photocarrier transport via application of dissimilar work-function contact materials. Effective engineering of carrier selective work-function (WF) contacts have been studied at length in pursuit of high-performance heterojunction solar cells. However, much of the focus has been on high WF oxides for n-type semiconductors, while low WF metal oxides have received less attention especially in regard to junctions on p-type semiconductors. Herein, we present an ultra-low WF metal oxide, ytterbium oxide (YbOx), as a potential passivating heterojunction contact on p-silicon for solar cell applications. YbOx is processed using an industry-compatible physical vapor deposition method that entails evaporation of metallic Yb followed by self-oxidization within the vacuum chamber. The device is fabricated on 1.5 μm thick p-SOI. The heterojunction exhibits excellent light-to-current conversion properties: picoampere level dark current, high rectification ratio of up to107, and 104 light-to-dark ratio under laser illumination. A surface-gated 3-terminal device is configured to investigate photocarrier recombination and extraction with YbOx contacts, demonstrating its potential for Si heterojunction solar cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".