Ultra-Low Work-Function Ytterbium Oxide Contact For Dopant-Free Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dopant-free solar cells provide asymmetrical photocarrier transport via application of dissimilar work-function contact materials. Effective engineering of carrier selective work-function (WF) contacts have been studied at length in pursuit of high-performance heterojunction solar cells. However, much of the focus has been on high WF oxides for n-type semiconductors, while low WF metal oxides have received less attention especially in regard to junctions on p-type semiconductors. Herein, we present an ultra-low WF metal oxide, ytterbium oxide (YbOx), as a potential passivating heterojunction contact on p-silicon for solar cell applications. YbOx is processed using an industry-compatible physical vapor deposition method that entails evaporation of metallic Yb followed by self-oxidization within the vacuum chamber. The device is fabricated on 1.5 μm thick p-SOI. The heterojunction exhibits excellent light-to-current conversion properties: picoampere level dark current, high rectification ratio of up to107, and 104 light-to-dark ratio under laser illumination. A surface-gated 3-terminal device is configured to investigate photocarrier recombination and extraction with YbOx contacts, demonstrating its potential for Si heterojunction solar cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".