CeO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite-stabilized Ni/CaO bifunctional material: Novel candidate for sustainable hydrogen production via SESR of bio-oil
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A well-designated CeO 2 -ZrO 2 nanocomposite (CZ) was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal approach. For the first time, CZ was examined as i) supporting material for Ni catalyst (Ni-CZ) during steam reforming of bio-oil (SRBO) and ii) stabilizing material for Ni/CaO catalyst/sorbent bifunctional material (Ni/(CaO-xCZ)) during the intensified sorption-enhanced SRBO (SESRBO) process. The impact of CZ wt.% (x: ranging from 0% to 25%) and mixing pattern (mechanical mixture and bifunctional material (BFM)) on sorption capacity and stability were evaluated over 15 carbonation/calcination cycles. All CZ-stabilized CaO (CaO-xCZ) materials, especially CaO-20CZ, demonstrated high cyclic stability due to the generation of CaZrO 3 perovskite structure that serves as a barrier against CaO sintering. Compared to mechanical mixing pattern (Ni-CZ (catalyst) + CaO (sorbent)), Ni/(CaO-20CZ) displayed 27% higher CaO conversion at 15 th carbonation cycle. At 600°C and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio of 3, bio-oil conversion of 96.2% and H 2 yield of 75.8% were achieved over Ni-CZ catalyst during SRBO reaction. Furthermore, Ni/(CaO-20CZ) BFM led to a hydrogen purity of approximately 94% during the pre-breakthrough period (maximum intensified period), sustained for 33 min. Ni/(CaO-20CZ) also maintained a high cyclic stability without noticeable decline in terms of H 2 purity and yield over 10 consecutive SESRBO cycles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it