Effectiveness of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with quadriceps strength training in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with decreased quadriceps strength and decreased activation of central motor cortex. It is necessary to investigate intervention strategies that combine central and peripheral treatments. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in conjunction with quadriceps strength training for 12 weeks in the treatment of KOA. Design: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, comparative effectiveness study. Methods: In this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial, 48 eligible patients were randomly allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group underwent high-frequency rTMS in conjunction with quadriceps strength training, whereas the control group received sham rTMS alongside quadriceps strength training. The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale (VAS), while secondary outcome measures included the University of Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the peak torque of the extensor muscles, the peak torque of the flexor muscles, and the flexion–extension ratio. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with group as a group factor and time factor was used to calculate the effects of the interventions on all outcome measures. Results: Forty-four of the 48 patients who were allocated at random finished the study. Twelve weeks later, the VAS index in the experimental group decreased from 3.14 ± 1.13 to 1.36 ± 0.85, and that in the control group decreased from 3.23 ± 1.15 to 2.18 ± 1.40 ( p < 0.05). At the same time, the WOMAC score, the peak torque of the extensor muscles, the peak torque of the flexor muscles, and the flexion–extension ratio were improved in the two groups ( p < 0.05), and the experimental group was significantly better than the control group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: High-frequency rTMS combined with quadriceps strength training for 12 weeks can effectively improve pain, muscle strength and joint function in patients with KOA. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ) ChiCTR2300067617.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".