Vascular regenerative deficiencies in people with elevated lipoprotein(a): the Lp(a)-VRCE CardioLink-16 translational study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); however, the relationship between Lp(a) and the capacity for vascular repair remains unclear. Depletion of vascular regenerative (VR) progenitor cells has been shown to be a novel indicator of compromised vascular repair in people living with cardiometabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine if elevated levels of Lp(a) modify VR cell content properties. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cross-sectional, multi-site Lipoprotein(a) and Vascular Regenerative Cell Content CardioLink-16 [Lp(a)-VRCE] study enrolled 40 individuals-20 with Lp(a) ≥100 nmol/L and 20 with Lp(a) <100 nmol/L. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed by multi-parameter flow cytometry. VR progenitor cells were identified based on high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, in combination with primitive vs. mature lineage-specific cell surface markers. The Lp(a) ≥100 nmol/L group exhibited baseline characteristic differences compared with the Lp(a) <100 nmol/L group such as lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (86.9 vs. 100.1 mL/min/1.73 m2), lower total cholesterol (4.0 vs. 4.8 mmol/L), greater statin use (90 vs. 60%), and a higher prevalence of ASCVD (60 vs. 25%). The Lp(a) ≥100 nmol/L group had lower frequencies of pro-angiogenic ALDHhiSSClowCD133+ (P = 0.0008) and ALDHhiSSClowCD34+CD133+ (P = 0.005) progenitor cells with pro-angiogenic secretory function. Compared with those in the Lp(a) <100 nmol/L group, individuals in the Lp(a) ≥100 nmol/L group demonstrated a higher frequency of M1-polarized pro-inflammatory monocytes (ALDHhiSSCmidCD86+CD163-; P = 0.007) and a lower frequency of ALDHhiSSChiCD49d+ granulocyte precursor cells (P = 0.04) that are involved in vessel repair. CONCLUSION: In this translational study, people with an Lp(a) ≥100 nmol/L had fewer VR cells and more pro-inflammatory polarized monocyte precursor cells than those with Lp(a) levels <100 nmol/L. These findings suggest that vessel repair activities may be compromised in individuals with elevated Lp(a) levels. REGISTRATION: Lp(a)-VRCE ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06626659.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".