Prophylactic efficacy of cannabidiol and sodium nitroprusside in a ketamine-model of schizophrenia: sex-dependent effects on positive-like and cognitive impairments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Current treatments for schizophrenia (SZ) are often not effective for all symptoms, with sex-dependent effects poorly understood. Cannabidiol (CBD) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) have emerged as potential prophylactic options. We evaluated their efficacy in preventing positive, negative, and cognitive deficits in a ketamine (KET) rodent model of SZ in both sexes. METHODS: Wistar rats were pretreated with CBD and SNP (alone or combined) during brain development (postnatal days 12-32). After 10 days, SZ-like deficits were induced via KET. Behaviors were assessed using the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and novel object recognition (NOR) test. RESULTS: KET induced sex-dependent effects: females showed greater hyperlocomotion and longterm NOR memory deficits, while males exhibited reduced sucrose preference and short-term NOR impairments. CBD or SNP alone had limited efficacy, but their combination reduced hyperlocomotion and prevented NOR deficits in both sexes. Multivariate analysis revealed superior prophylactic effects in females, with unsupervised clustering showing distinct behavioral phenotypes between sexes. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first preclinical evidence of sex-dependent prophylactic efficacy of CBD-SNP in a SZ model, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".