Allogeneic Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD) progression and motor dysfunction. Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (allo-hMSCs) may reduce neuroinflammation and improve motor symptoms. OBJECTIVES: /kg allo-hMSCs in improving motor symptoms in patients with PD (PwP). METHODS: In this phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (November 2020-July 2023), mild-to-moderate PwP received either three allo-hMSC infusions, one placebo followed by two allo-hMSC infusions, or three placebo infusions at 18-week intervals. Follow-up lasted 88 weeks. The primary outcome was a >70% posterior probability (PP) of a difference in the proportion of participants with ≥5-point improvement in OFF-medication Movement Disorder Society Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) at week 62. Bayesian analysis was conducted using R v4.2.0. RESULTS: Forty-five PwP were enrolled. A larger proportion of subjects achieved a ≥5-point improvement in MDS-UPDRS-III in the three-infusion arm compared with placebo at week 62 (mean difference [MD]: 5.0%, PP = 93.7%), translating to a 16.9-point improvement in MDS-UPDRS-III in the three-infusion arm compared with a 14.6-point improvement in the placebo arm. Conversely, fewer subjects in the two-infusion arm compared with placebo showed ≥5-point improvement at week 62 (MD: -62.4%, PP ≥ 99.9%), translating to only a 3.9-point improvement in MDS-UPDRS-III in the two-infusion arm. However, improvement in MDS-UPDRS-III was seen across all treatment arms. Adverse events were mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS: allo-hMSCs/kg improved motor function in mild-to-moderate PwP, while two infusions showed less improvement than placebo. To address this discrepancy, future studies should conduct functional potency assays to understand batch-to-batch variability affecting clinical efficacy. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".