From Chalk to Digital: Evolution, Challenges, and Identity in the Careers of Retired Malaysian ESL Teachers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to understand how retired ESL teachers described the evolution of their teaching practices throughout their years of service. The study also sought to understand how the challenges they encountered further influenced the shaping of their attitudes about education and the development of their professional identities. In this study, narrative inquiry methodology was used to explore the transformative journey and understand the lived experiences of two retired Malaysian English as a Second Language (ESL) secondary school teachers. In keeping with narrative inquiry methodology, in-depth narrative interviews were conducted with the two retired Malaysian ESL teachers who had been purposefully sampled. Separate narrative portraits were developed to describe the lived experiences of the teachers, focusing on the main themes of the evolution of teaching practice, adaptation to changes, challenges and shaping of professional identities. The study found that the teachers experienced several shifts in educational policies, student demographics, curriculum and teaching methodologies throughout their careers. Major adaptations and challenges were related to the advent of the digital age, fulfilling the expectations of school authorities and building teaching confidence. The study also showed that retired teachers acknowledged significant self-development, growth and transformation in terms of skills, knowledge and character by the end of their professional service. They also perceived no demarcation between personal and professional identities and continued to view themselves as teachers despite having retired from the service.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".