Exposure to ambient carbon monoxide and cognitive decrease in a memory clinic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BackgroundAmbient air pollution is a known global health risk, but its short-term impact on cognitive function, particularly in people with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is not well understood.ObjectiveThis study examined the association between short-term carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and cognitive changes in older adults with MCI or AD.MethodsData were obtained from 717 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD at a South Korean medical center. CO exposure was estimated using the inverse distance weighting method, based on the proximity between air monitoring stations and participants' residential addresses. Exposure periods ranged from 1 day to 1 month. Cognitive performance was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and changes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations within a generalized linear model. Subgroup analyses were conducted by diagnosis.ResultsOf the 717 participants (mean age 77.4), 473 had AD. Compared to the MCI group, AD patients were older, less educated, had lower MMSE scores, and more hypertension. Higher 7-day average CO exposure was linked to lower MMSE scores (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96), with a stronger effect in the AD group (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.94).ConclusionShort-term CO exposure is suggestive of worsening cognitive performance in older adults, particularly in those with AD. These findings emphasize the potential impact of ambient air pollutants on neurodegenerative processes and highlight the need for public health strategies-such as strengthening air quality regulations and issuing targeted health advisories-to protect cognitively vulnerable populations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".