The origin, diagnosis, and prognosis of oligomannose-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The acquisition of N-glycosylation sites that are occupied by oligomannose-type glycans in the immunoglobulin complementarity-determining region (CDR) is an early, clonal, tumor-specific identifier of follicular lymphoma (FL). CDR-located N-glycosylation sites are also acquired in germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCLs), but their significance is less defined. We used RNA sequencing immunoglobulin assembly to determine frequency and CDR location of the acquired N-glycosylation sites (AGSs) in 2 independent DLBCL cohorts. Composition of the glycans occupying the AGSs was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and correlated with cell of origin, FL signature (defined by EZB phenotype or BCL2 translocation), transcript profile, and clinical outcome. CDR-located AGSs were observed in 41% to 46% of GCB-DLBCLs but were rare in other DLBCLs. Only CDR-located AGSs of DLBCL with an FL signature were occupied by oligomannose-type glycans. These DLBCLs were termed Mann-type DLBCL. Conversely, the AGSs of the other DLBCLs were either nonglycosylated or occupied by complex-type glycans. Mann-type status was an independent marker of short progression-free survival and overall survival. In contrast, the other GCB-DLBCLs, including those with an FL signature but without AGSs, had the best outcomes. Mann-type DLBCLs overexpressed gene sets of cell growth, survival, and cycling, and underexpressed proinflammatory and apoptotic pathways, irrespective of the presence of concomitant MYC translocations. The acquisition of Mann-type glycans is a highly selective environmental pressure enabling the identification of an aggressive GCB-DLBCL type with origin related to FL. The detection of AGSs in the CDR of GCB-DLBCLs with an FL signature defines Mann-type DLBCLs, refines prognosis, and marks a precise tumor interaction to block early therapeutically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".