Engineering Geology of Glaciated Soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A research project in being carried out to assess geotechnical soil property anisotropy and principal stress axis rotation in glaciated clays and tills. A glacial process model is proposed which assumes that shearing is the principal means by which these soils obtain their present geotechnical properties. One main outcome of this model is that the assumption of crossanisotropy is not valid for soils affected by glacial action. Review of the literature yields several examples where anisotropic horizontal stresses are measured in glaciated clays. To verify the proposed model, a series of field and laboratory tests at three sites is proposed. Field testing with a load cell pressuremeter (LCPM) is proposed to measure the possibly anisotropic horizontal stress distribution due to the glacially induced anisotropy. Laboratory testing with a new oedometer designed to measure lateral stress response to axial loading will be used to measure anisotropy of stiffness. Finite element modelling will then be used to link the inferred glacial loading conditions with the measured soil properties as an additional confirmation of the validity of the model. Preliminary testing in the lateral stress oedometer indicates that horizontal reactions to vertically applied loads are anisotropic in the Pot Clay from the north Netherlands. Further, the orientation (azimuth) of higher horizontal stresses corresponds consistently with the inferred directions of ice advance during the Saalian glaciation. Additional testing is being carried out to measure horizontal stress anisotropy (in-situ) and the orientation of the principal stiffnesses (in the laboratory).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".