Carbon Footprint of Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Pneumatic Retinopexy, and Scleral Buckle Procedures for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To quantify the environmental impact of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), pneumatic retinopexy, and scleral buckle procedures used in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Methods: We conducted a life cycle assessment of PPV, pneumatic retinopexy, and scleral buckle procedures. The primary outcome measure was the greenhouse gas emissions associated with each procedure measured in carbon dioxide equivalents. Results: The total greenhouse gas emissions produced were 51.10 kg carbon dioxide equivalents for PPV, 2.09 kg carbon dioxide equivalents for pneumatic retinopexy, and 12.57 kg carbon dioxide equivalents for scleral buckle. Emissions related to equipment use (30.07 kg carbon dioxide equivalents) followed by equipment manufacturing (21.00 kg carbon dioxide equivalents) were the main contributors of greenhouse gases in PPV. Emissions related to equipment manufacturing (1.60 kg and 8.51 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents for pneumatic retinopexy and scleral buckle, respectively), followed by equipment use (0.49 kg and 4.05 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents for pneumatic retinopexy and scleral buckle, respectively), were the greatest contributors of greenhouse gases in pneumatic retinopexy and scleral buckle. Conclusions: There is a substantial difference in greenhouse gas emissions among PPV, pneumatic retinopexy, and scleral buckle. Quantifying and understanding these differences can inform surgical decision-making.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".