Cross-cultural adaptation of the West and Central African version of the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To adapt a West and Central African version of the widely used ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire for measuring manual ability in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 136 children with CP from Benin (n = 67) and Cameroon (n = 69). Data were collected from parents using an experimental version with 64 items. A subsample of 107 parents responded again two weeks later. Calibration was based on the Rasch model using RUMM2030 software.Results The adapted version of ABILHAND-Kids consists of 21 items with well-discriminated response categories. It defines a unidimensional and linear measure of children’s performance in daily activities involving upper extremities (mean chi-square = 41.87, p = 0.48). The measure is invariant across countries, parents’ education, children’s age and gender, MACS levels, and type of CP. It shows excellent internal consistency (R = 0.94) and high test–retest reliability for both item difficulty hierarchy (ICC = 0.98) and children’s measures (ICC = 0.99). Significant correlations were found with the MACS (rho = −0.64), Box and Blocks Test (more-affected (r = 0.55), less-affected hand (r = 0.54)), and ACTIVLIM-CP-WA (r = 0.83).Conclusions The West and Central African version of ABILHAND-Kids is valid and reliable for assessing the manual ability of children with CP in daily activities within the African sociocultural context.Implications for RehabilitationThe West and Central African version of ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire offers a valid and reliable measurement of manual ability in daily life activities in the African context.As a Rasch-built scale, linear measures allow manual ability changes to be quantified in African children with cerebral palsy from 3 to 19 years.Its high measurement precision and availability (https://www.rehab-scales.org) enable manual ability assessment in West and Central African children with cerebral palsy, whatever parents’ education and children’s age, gender, manual ability levels, and type of cerebral palsy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".