Electro-switchable cellulose nanocrystal films with chiroptical properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of stable electro-switchable cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films is fabricated by the covalent functionalization of preassembled chiral nematic CNC substrates with electro-active molecules. Through this approach, we anchor siloxy-group-containing viologens (SV) to the surface of CNCs in a preformed film. Unlike conventional premixing strategies that typically disrupt chiral self-assembly of CNCs, this method produces films that retain the structural color and chiroptical properties of the chiral nematic CNC substrate, while exhibiting stable electrochromic performance. Our films show responses not only to voltage but also to light, heat and alkaline environments, demonstrating their potential as multi-responsive materials. This methodology extends beyond chiral nematic CNCs to other nanostructured substrates such as mesoporous chiral nematic silica. The resulting materials show potential for smart optical applications, including dynamic information display and security technologies, enabling tunable visibility and encryption/decryption technologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".