Subtle shift in depth distribution of fish within the impact range of seismic surveying along a continental slope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impact of an industry-based 3D seismic airgun survey on fish and zooplankton was investigated on offshore commercial fishing grounds in Newfoundland and Labrador. Seismic surveying was conducted for 100 consecutive days during summer 2021. A seabed moored autonomous multichannel acoustic recorder measured sound levels while a wideband autonomous transceiver equipped with 38 and 333 kHz transducers measured fish and zooplankton backscatter in the water column. The distance between the seismic survey vessel and the instruments ranged from 0 to 152 km and was tracked continuously. Fish between depths of 50 and 350 m exhibited a response to seismic surveying, descending to greater depths when the seismic vessel was within 60 km and when average sound pressure levels were >122 dB re 1 μPa 2 . Conversely, no discernible effect on zooplankton abundance or behavior was measured between 250 and 340 m depths. These findings suggest that the effects of seismic surveying in offshore environments are mainly impacting fish behaviour when sound levels are high, and impacts were observed at greater horizontal distances than previously reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".