Lithospheric Structures of Marginal Sea Basins in and Around the Philippine Sea Plate Shaped by Eastward Mantle Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Formation of marginal sea basins is generally considered to be closely linked to mantle flow, but it is still ambiguous due to limited evidence from seismic anisotropy. Here, we investigate three‐dimensional shear‐wave azimuthal anisotropy in the lithosphere beneath the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) and its surrounding regions. Our results show that the fast velocity directions in the lower lithosphere beneath the South China Sea (SCS) and northern West Philippine Basin (WPB) are roughly perpendicular to their seafloor spreading directions, whereas those in the upper lithosphere of the SCS and southern WPB are subparallel to their seafloor spreading directions. This feature suggests that eastward mantle flow has significantly reshaped the WPB lithospheric mantle after its formation and influenced the SCS lithospheric mantle formation. Our results provide robust seismic evidence that eastward mantle flow has a considerable contribution to the lithosphere formation of the marginal sea basins in and around the PSP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".