Clinical Patterns and Prognostic Outcomes of Asian Ocular Adnexal Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma (OAMZL) is the most common subtype of primary ocular lymphoma and has been rising in incidence in Asian populations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 95 patients diagnosed with OAMZL within a multi-ethnic cohort from Singapore. Clinical characteristics, survival outcomes including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on staging F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) were investigated. Results: The cohort comprised 60 males and 35 females, with a median age of 58 years (25 - 88). Median follow-up was 92 months. The most common sites involved were the orbit (49.5%) and lacrimal gland (23.2%). Most patients presented with stage 1 disease (72.6%). Five-year OS and PFS for the whole cohort were 94.9% and 84.1%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with poorer OS included advanced (stage 2-4) disease (hazard ratio (HR) 6.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69 - 23.19, P = 0.0061), older age above 58 years (HR = 15.29, 95% CI: 4.47 - 52.3, P < 0.0001), and higher mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue International Prognostic Index (MALT-IPI) scores of 2 - 3 compared to low (0) and intermediate (1) scores (HR = 9.28, 95% CI: 1.24 - 69.11, P < 0.0001 and HR = 10.99, 95% CI: 1.34 - 89.94, P < 0.0001), respectively. Older age (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.07 - 5.43, P = 0.0330) and advanced disease (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.07 - 7.03, P = 0.0348) were significantly associated with poorer PFS. Median SUVmax of the lesions was 5.6 (2.1 - 9.6), with significantly higher values in advanced disease. Conclusions: Our study illustrates the favorable prognosis of OAMZL in an Asian cohort, although particular factors may portend worse survival outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".