Association between the Japanese version of the Montreal Test of Cognitive Abilities scores and intra-individual variability in reaction time: A one-year analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early detection is a critical issue in dementia prevention. This study utilizes intra-individual variability in reaction time (IIV-RT) as an indicator of cognitive function. By analyzing data over a one-year period, we examine the association between IIV-RT and the Japanese version of the Montreal Test of Cognitive Abilities (MoCA-J), a cognitive screening test. In all, 36 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 72.3 ± 3.6 years; 29 men and seven women) were included. IIV-RT was measured using a go/no-go task, which assesses inhibitory function. Cognitive function was assessed using the MoCA-J. In addition, neuropsychological tests, namely the Trail Making Test Parts A and B and Verbal fluency test, were conducted. Data on IIV-RT and MoCA-J were collected one year later, and Pearson’s correlation analyses were conducted on the changes in each measure. In addition, a linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the longitudinal association between IIV-RT and MoCA-J. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between changes in IIV-RT and MoCA-J scores (r = −0.382, p = 0.02). The mixed-effects model also showed a significant association between IIV-RT and MoCA-J scores (β = −0.25, p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that IIV-RT has potential for use as a complementary tool for self-monitoring in non-clinical settings. As this study was conducted in Japan, the findings may reflect characteristics specific to Japanese culture. Future studies should consider replicating the study in different cultural contexts to enhance the generalizability of the results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".